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Athletic species such as the horse and dog have greater mitochondrial density and therefore greater than do less athletic species of similar body size such as the cow and goat. Maximal oxygen consumption ( ) is directly related to the total mass of mitochondria within the skeletal muscles.

When animals exercise, their muscles need more oxygen, which leads to an increase in oxygen consumption. Because smaller species have a greater surface area to body weight ratio, they have a greater surface for heat loss and less heat storage capacity so they need higher basal metabolism to generate more heat. This difference is largely due to the metabolic requirements necessary to maintain constant body temperature. For example, the 20-gram mouse consumes six times more oxygen per unit body mass than does a 70-kg pig. The consequence of this relationship is that smaller species consume more oxygen per kilogram of body weight than do larger species. Basal metabolism, the metabolism of the resting animal, is a function of metabolic body weight (M 0.75). Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production vary with the metabolic rate, which is dependent on the animal’s level of activity. The respiratory system provides oxygen (O 2) to support tissue metabolism and removes carbon dioxide (CO 2). Positive pressure ventilation (i.e.The Respiratory System’s Primary Function Is the Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Between the Environment and the Tissues.Neck extension and jaw protrusion (can increase it twofold).General anesthesia – multifactorial, including loss of skeletal muscle tone and bronchoconstrictor tone.The ratio of physiologic dead space to tidal volume is usually about 1/3. Alveolar dead space is the volume of gas within unperfused alveoli (and thus not participating in gas exchange either) it is usually negligible in the healthy, awake patient. Anatomic dead space is the volume of gas within the conducting zone (as opposed to the transitional and respiratory zones) and includes the trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles it is approximately 2 mL/kg in the upright position. Physiologic or total dead space is the sum of anatomic dead space and alveolar dead space. Dead space is the volume of a breath that does not participate in gas exchange.